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Esophageal spasm

Contents of this page:

Illustrations

Digestive system
Digestive system
Throat anatomy
Throat anatomy

Alternative Names    Return to top

Diffuse esophageal spasm; Spasm of the esophagus

Definition    Return to top

Esophageal spasms are abnormal contractions of the muscles in the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach). These spasms do not move food effectively to the stomach.

Causes    Return to top

The cause of esophageal spasm is unknown. Very hot or very cold foods may trigger an episode in some people. It can be hard to tell a spasm from angina. The pain may spread to the neck, jaw, arms, or back.

Symptoms    Return to top

Exams and Tests    Return to top

Treatment    Return to top

Nitroglycerin given under the tongue (sublingual) may be effective in an acute episode. Long-acting nitroglycerin and calcium channel blockers are also used to treat esophageal spasms. Long-term (chronic) cases are sometimes treated with low-dose antidepressants such as nortriptyline to reduce symptoms.

Rarely, severe cases need surgery.

Outlook (Prognosis)    Return to top

An esophageal spasm may come and go (intermittent) or last for a long time (chronic). Medicine can help relieve symptoms.

Possible Complications    Return to top

The condition may not respond to treatment.

When to Contact a Medical Professional    Return to top

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of esophageal spasm that don't go away.

Prevention    Return to top

Avoid very hot or very cold foods if you get esophageal spasms.

Update Date: 8/22/2008

Updated by: Christian Stone, MD, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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