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Cholangitis

Contents of this page:

Illustrations

Digestive system
Digestive system
Bile pathway
Bile pathway

Definition    Return to top

Cholangitis is an infection of the common bile duct, the tube that carries bile from the liver to the gallbladder and intestines. Bile is a chemical made by the liver that helps digest food.

Causes    Return to top

Cholangitis is usually caused by a bacterial infection, which can occur when the duct is blocked by something, such as a gallstone or tumor. The infection causing this condition may also spread to the liver.

Risk factors include a previous history of gallstones, sclerosing cholangitis, HIV, narrowing of the common bile duct, and, rarely, travel to countries where you might catch a worm or parasite infection.

Symptoms    Return to top

The following symptoms may occur:

Exams and Tests    Return to top

Tests may include:

The following blood tests may be done:

Treatment    Return to top

Quick diagnosis and treatment are very important.

Antibiotics to cure infection are tried first for most patients. ERCP or other surgical procedure is done when the patient is stable.

Patients who are very ill or are quickly getting worse may need surgery right away.

Outlook (Prognosis)    Return to top

The outcome is usually good with treatment, but poor without it.

Possible Complications    Return to top

When to Contact a Medical Professional    Return to top

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of cholangitis.

Prevention    Return to top

Treatment of gallstones, tumors, and infestations of parasites may reduce the risk for some people. A metal or plastic stents within the bile system may be needed to prevent recurrence.

References    Return to top

Attasaranya S, Fogel EL.. Choledocholithiasis, ascending cholangitis, and gallstone pancreatitis. Medical Clinics of North America. 2008 Jul;92(4).

Afdhal NH. Diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 159.

Update Date: 9/20/2008

Updated by: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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